Language Learning Strategies

In the course of the most recent couple of decades, ‘college of self-education’ has expected more significance than the ‘college of education.’ That is to state, an observable change has occurred, with respect to language learning. The accentuation is more on students and learning than instructors and educating. The arrangement of language instruction has experienced transformative changes. The attention is on the student. The student focused educational plan and the student centeredness with respect to language training are the ideas practically speaking at this point. Numerous papers/articles have showed up underscoring the above move. The utilization of language learning techniques (in second and unknown dialect (LLS) in second and unknown dialect (L2/FL) for learning and educating have become some portion of the language syllabi.Defining of Language Learning Strategies:â€Å"Weinstein and Mayer (1986) characterized learning systems (LS) comprehensively as â€Å"behaviors and musings that a student takes part in during learning† which are â€Å"intended to impact the student's encoding process† (p. 315) Later Mayer (1988) all the more explicitly characterized LS as â€Å"behaviors of a student that are expected to impact how the student forms information† (p. 11).Human creatures have the intrinsic inclination to process the language and realizing which in actuality implies handling of the data. Learning abilities are the indivisible piece of the learning procedure, whatever be the substance or setting. Learning abilities are put to use in all subjectsâ€like Mathematics, History, Geography, Language and so on. Learning condition shift, it tends to be casual just as study hall setting.As for L2/FL educationâ€it has been characterized by Tarone (1983) as â€Å"an endeavor to create phonetic and sociolinguistic skill in the objective language †to join these into one's bury language competence† (p. 67). Tarone, E. (1983).The prior spotlight was on the semantic or sociolinguistic skill. It has logically changed and the current accentuation is on forms and the qualities of LLS. One point unexpectedly. LLS are unmistakable from learning styles. Learning styles predominantly worry to intrinsic, characteristic and picked methods of noticing, retaining and handling the obtained data and aptitudes. There exists, be that as it may, a particular connection between one’s own style of learning the language and the language learning techniques received by one.Good language student/High Proficient students:The ways or taking in a language changes from individual to individual. The choicest method to become familiar with a language can not be singled out. The most ideal approach to get the language originates from inside. You want to gain proficiency with a specific language and thusly you are drenched in the related exercises that help the reason. Understand books, watch films, coo perate with individuals who communicate in that language, study the related articles in the magazines. In the event that you develop a companion hover in your preferred language, you get the language rapidly. You need not give exceptional consideration to the language structure at the underlying stages. Join a mentored course and own a self-study package.Tutored learning is the normally acknowledged mode to learn and get ability in a language. The accomplished instructor in a study hall, who has taken care of many understudies before, knows their underlying issues and the related arrangements can give inspiration to the language students. Language learning need not be a genuine and tense exercise. On the off chance that you travel and visit the nation of the focused on language, your language related inquiries and issues get a programmed arrangement. Over the period, you find that you have gotten the language.Foreign language learning strategies:Research made to locate the best stra tegy to instruct a language is voluminous. The important responses to this issue originated from the students themselves. It was discovered that tried techniques assume a compelling job in the territory of language learning. Of the considerable number of techniques the ones arranged by Oxford (1990) gave a framework and strength to the entire procedure. Oxford saw learning methodologies as â€Å"specific activities taken by the student to make inclining simpler, quicker, progressively pleasant, increasingly self coordinated, progressively successful, and progressively transferable to new situations† (p.8). The methodologies are separated in to two categories:Direct Strategies: They are additionally grouped into a) Memory systems b) Cognitive procedures c) Compensation strategies.Indirect Strategies: These are additionally characterized into a) Metacognitive Studies b) Affective Strategies c) Social Strategies(Oxford, 1990, p 16)Memory techniques are, I) making mental pictures , ii) applying pictures and sounds, iii) assessing well.Cognitive methodologies are,  i) rehearsing, ii) dissecting and thinking iii) making structure for info and output.Compensation procedures are, I) speculating shrewdly, ii) conquering constraints in talking and writing.As for Indirect Strategies,Metacognitive methodologies are, I) focusing your learning, ii) orchestrating and arranging your learning iii) assessing your learning.Affective systems are, I) bringing down your nervousness, ii) empowering yourself, iii) taking your passionate temperature.Social procedures are, I) posing inquiries, ii) co-working with others, iii) feeling for other people. (Oxford, 1990, p 17).Factors influencing the Choice of Learning Strategies:Many factors impact the determination of procedures utilized by the understudies learning a subsequent language. The most significant factor is inspiration. A profoundly energetic understudy is not quite the same as the less propelled one. In the event that one has a specific and solid purpose behind learning the language, one gets the language quick. Now and then, profession plans are connected to the language. In such cases, one is relied upon to gain proficiency with a language inside the predefined period. Females utilize such methodology in a more prominent degree than the male partners. Remembrance is identified with social foundation. Asian understudies indicated further extent of aptitude here. Mentalities and convictions assume the prevailing job. The negative mentalities don't support the reason. The uplifting perspectives have a significant impact. The sort of assignment helps with deciding the procedure utilized to do it. With respect to the age, the more established and further developed understudies utilize various procedures. Learning style is likewise one of the significant elements in the choice of the procedure. Resilience of equivocalness is straightforwardly identified with the determination of the methodology. (La nguage†¦..)Proficiency and language learning strategies:The number of English language students is rising consistently. Unique intercessions for underachieves are along these lines vital. Various methodologies are gone after for encouraging scholastics to understudies to whom English is a subsequent language. It is no standard errand to encourage an understudy in a language where he has no authority. Bunches of data is currently accessible with respect to understudies hailing from various social/semantic foundations. Right off the bat, the customary friend helped Learning Strategies to upgrade understudy effectiveness in English are compelling. Such a methodology has demonstrated positive outcomes on the perusing achievement.Another intercession is Bilingual Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition program. This was gainful for the Spanish-talking understudies. In this intercession the emphasis is on composing, perusing in both Spanish and English language exercises. The understudies are isolated into little co-usable students gatherings. Another innovation is Instructional Conversations and Literature Logs. The objective here is to upgrade the understanding capacity and furthermore English language capability. Significance is given to little gathering conversations. The instructors  act as facilitators for the gathering, while the gathering of understudies is occupied with recounting stories, relate individual encounters which are helpfulâ in seeing one another, keep subjects and ideas, composing autonomously short notes according to the composing prompts.Answer questions identified with stories and so on. The activities have high possible impacts on the Language students and they add to quick improvement of the English language aptitudes. They additionally help the relational abilities. â€Å"The Vocabulary Improvement Program for English Language Learners and Their Classmates (VIP) is a jargon advancement educational plan for English languag e students and local English speakers (grades 4-6). The 15-week program incorporates 30 brief entire class and little gathering exercises, which plan to expand understudies' comprehension of target jargon words remembered for a week by week perusing assignment.†(What works†¦) Many all the more such intercessions are utilized and language learning systems followed for capability in English language.Why are LLS significant for L2?â€Å"Within ‘communicative' ways to deal with language encouraging a key objective is for the student to create open fitness in the objective L2/FL, and LLS can help understudies in doing so.† The significance of correspondence methodologies is a basic factor of vital skill. Correspondence expertise and language learning methodologies vary in substance. The speakers put forth a purposeful and cognizant attempt to convey in a L2/FL.All systems that L2/FL students use in the language which they plan to learn are secured under LLS. LLS a re fundamental for learning the language since they are simply the correct instruments started dynamic association, which is essential for improving informative skills.Conclusion:During the most recent couple of decades, numerous progressions have happened identifying with teacher’s proficient learning and therefore they have impacted and influenced the showing strategies/norms for the understudies. Figures have impacted the instructing and considering design a lot. One can see viable utilization of innovation in all zones. The example of community oriented movement between the educators and the understudies has likewise experienced noticeable changes and such improves are. They have assisted with making uncommon level

Theoretical Analysis - The 21st Centy Organization Assignment

Hypothetical Analysis - The 21st Centy Organization - Assignment Example The three articles: Why Few Organizations Adopt Systems Thinking by Ackoff; How to be a really worldwide organization by Prahalad and Bhattacharya; and Putting Organizational Complexity in Its Place by Birkinshaw and Heywood, are exceptionally applicable as they give an immense knowledge into the variables that are affecting associations in the 21st century. Three perusing that are intriguing Ackoff (2005) in his article is particular in its way of thinking that framework believing is essential element of authoritative achievement or its disappointment when it isn't a piece of hierarchical system. As indicated by him, there is an unmistakable absence of dynamic that considers the changing condition and authoritative management’s readiness to gain from its disappointment or wrong choices. These are significant components on the grounds that hierarchical culture doesn't permit disappointments along these lines confining imagination inside association as well as neglecting to fac e challenge that could furnish the associations with upper hand. It is significant that one faces the challenges and submits botches and gains from it. Framework thinking comprehensively supports mindful dynamic and permits its workforce to fail so as to settle on a fruitful choice next time. In the contemporary condition of serious business, new moves should be confronted with poise and as new chances of development. Prahalad and Bhattacharya (2011) have given significant pieces of information to turn into a worldwide organization with progress. They underline that hierarchical rebuilding extraordinarily assists with instilling trust in the partners over the globe. Fulfilling nearby needs through customization of items and utilizing neighborhood assets is significant for business to pick up the trust of the nearby individuals where they are working together. McDonalds’ has modified its items to suit nearby necessity over its worldwide outlets. Abusing neighborhood gifts and social skills become the feature of really worldwide organizations which blossom with worldwide serious organizations. Globalization has given a major push to industrialization and improvement through extension of business across geological limits. In globalization, between reliance of assets has become a reality. Along these lines, adaptable methodology and acting nearby with worldwide vision furnishes the people and associations with more prominent influence to contend and pick up influence. Birkinshaw and Heywood (2010) have raised appropriate issues of hierarchical complexities inside and outside its workplaces across various geological zones which develop because of changing elements of business condition in the 21st century. The obsolete business forms, equivocalness in jobs, clashing belief systems of pluralistic workforce and so on are essential impediments that ruin development. The institutional complexities and individual complexities should be tended to and overseen viab ly for higher beneficial result. Institutional complexities are significant issues which extensively sway employees’ execution. The complexities like job vagueness, distinguishing hindrances like poor procedures, item arrangement with current interest and so forth should be tended to and re-imagined to oblige changing inclinations of the

English Language Essay Writing - Getting Your Essay Published

English Language Essay Writing - Getting Your Essay PublishedWhen it comes to English language essay writing, the formality is every bit as important as the quality. You will not be a success in this endeavor if you do not take the time to plan your writing ahead of time. All you have to do is follow a few guidelines and you will be well on your way to a more successful essay. Of course, if you want to make it really easy for yourself, you can always hire an editor, but you might think twice about that if you are already under a deadline.When you begin to write an essay, the first thing you need to do is to get your assignment ready. Before you even start thinking about how to begin to write your essay, you need to know exactly what it is you will be writing about. If you are writing a test or dissertation based essay, you will probably be doing something that will require you to engage in rigorous research, or perhaps a summary of some information.It is important to know how to form ulate a good question for your English language essay. A question should start with an introduction and then proceed to what the essay will actually cover. This is also a good place to use opening and closing statements. After you have provided a good question, the essay will be a lot easier to write because you will know exactly what you are writing about.When you are doing a research-based essay, such as one that is required for a student's area of study, you will probably be doing some research by hand. The best way to gather the information that you will need is to collect the data yourself and then be able to review it after it has been reviewed by the professor.Do not worry too much about the grammar when you are writing an essay. In fact, it is usually a good idea to have your prose checked before you actually begin writing it. There are plenty of essay checkers available online. A simple search will reveal a whole lot of information.Your English language essay will not be co mpleted until you have researched it thoroughly and made sure that your facts are correct. This is often the most difficult part of the process because you will be very surprised at what is true and what is not. If you are going to hire someone to do this for you, be sure to inform him or her that you are a fresh writer who has not written anything of substance in years.When you are writing an English language essay that is related to a particular field of study, you may need to spend a good deal of time doing research. There is not as much need to spend too much time here, because most of your research should come from existing sources. If you are doing an internship in this field, you will not have much trouble finding resources that will help you.Finally, remember that the purpose of writing an essay is to make it easy for you, not for your professor to see how well you know the subject matter, so do not hesitate to follow these tips to ensure that you write a good essay that is not just filled with useless information. Good luck!

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Shakespeares Macbeth - Deep Darkness Essay example

Macbeths Deep Darkness In Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth there is a dark aspect which hangs over most scenes in the play. Let us examine this quality in this essay. In Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action Francis Fergusson states the place of darkness in the action of the play: It is the phrase to outrun the pauser, reason [2.3], which seems to me to describe the action, or motive, of the play as a whole. Macbeth, of course, literally means that his love for Duncan was so strong and so swift that it got ahead of his reason, which would have counseled a pause. But in the same way we have seen his greed and ambition outrun his reason when he committed the murder; and in the same way all of the characters,†¦show more content†¦Ks performance of that part, the painful anxiety about the act, the natural longing to prevent it while it yet seems unperpetrated, the too close pressing semblance of reality,give a pain and an uneasiness [. . .]. (134) Roger Warren states in Shakespeare Survey 30 , regarding Trervor Nunns direction of Macbeth at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1974-75, how the witches represented the darkness of black magic: Much of the approach and detail was carried over, particularly the clash between religious purity and black magic. Purity was embodied by Duncan, very infirm (in 1974 he was blind), dressed in white and accompanied by church organ music, set against the black magic of the witches, who even chanted Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283) The Tragedy of Macbeth opens in a desert place with thunder and lightning (typical accompaniment to darkness) and three witches, somber and dark in appearance, who are anticipating their meeting with Macbeth, There to meet with Macbeth. They all say together the mysterious and contradictory Fair is foul, and foul is fair. When the Norweyan forces are vanquished, Duncan bids Ross to greet Macbeth with his new title of Thane of Cawdor. Before this happens, however, Macbeth is greeted by theShow MoreRelated Darkness Imagery In Macbeth Essays909 Words   |  4 Pages Darkness Imagery in William Shakespeares Macbeth nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ambition and evil are the basic elements in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Macbeth is a tragedy which was written by Shakespeare in the Elizabethan Era. There was much use of Raphael Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland as it was necessary for creating the environments and situations in the play. Macbeth takes place mainly in Scotland and is a play about an ambitious thane, named Macbeth, and hisRead MoreLight, Darkness, and the Great Chain of Being Depicted in Shakespeares Macbeth701 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth Essay William Shakespeares Macbeth is an ominous tale that illustrates the danger in violating the Great Chain of Being, the hierarchy of things in Gods ordered universe. The Chain ranked all of creation and human society as well. It ranked kings above nobles and nobles above the poor. When Macbeth murdered King Duncan and assumed the throne, the Chain was violated and chaos resulted. The atmosphere of the play symbolized this resulting turmoil. Specifically, light and darkness were usedRead MoreEssay about Macbeth1001 Words   |  5 Pagesexpresses the many themes of Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’? The first time we hear the statement is very early in the play when the witches say the exact line quot;Fair is foul, and foul is fairquot; only for Macbeth himself to repeat it very closely two scenes later. This repetition of the lines shows me that the characters themselves believe that there are many foul events taking place. In this essay I will endeavour to prove that the above statement doesn’t express ‘Macbeth’ thoroughly. Firstly IRead More Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Beyond the Fair and Foul1059 Words   |  5 PagesMore to Macbeth than Fair and Foul      Ã‚  Ã‚   The statement Fair is foul, and foul is fair does not thoroughly express the many themes of Shakespeares Macbeth.   The first time this statement occurs is very early in the play, when the witches chant the exact line Fair is foul, and foul is fair(I.i.12) only for Macbeth to repeat it himself two scenes later.   This repetition of the lines shows that the characters themselves believe that there are many foul events taking place.   Firstly, one canRead More Imagery In Macbeth Essay example1406 Words   |  6 Pages Response to â€Å"Macbeth† 2. How does Shakespeare’s use of imagery and recurring symbols add depth and meaning to the plot and characters in the play? In all of Shakespeares plays he uses many forms of imagery. Imagery is the art of making images, the products of imagination. In the play Macbeth Shakespeare applies the imagery of clothing, darkness and blood. Each detail is his imagery, seems to contain an important symbol of the play, symbols that the audience must understand if they are to interpretRead MoreMacbeth’s Greed for Power Leads to his Inevitable Fate930 Words   |  4 Pages In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the audience watches as Macbeth, a noble thane of Scotland, kills the King in his greed for power and eventually fate repays him with a horrible and violent downfall. The readers can see how Shakespeare uses the certain imagery to amplify his theme of how one’s drive and need for power leading to corruption. One can see this with Shakespeares use dark in the play, his use of blood, and finally through his use of unnatural elements and beings. The readers see throughoutRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWhat makes a once â€Å"brave friend† (1.2.6) â€Å"something wicked†? (4.1.45) In Shakespeare’s Tragedy of Macbeth, the answer to this question is played out. At the beginning of the play, the main character, Macbeth, is deemed â€Å"valiant† (1.2.24) and â€Å"noble† (1.2.68); however, after his encounter with the witches, his dark side starts to bubble up. As such, the Weird Sisters symbolize the ubiquitous evil that is in the world and present the theme man’s susceptibility to temptation. While the witches do playRead MoreEssay about William Blake ´s Pity based on Shakespeare ´s Macbeth816 Words   |  4 Pagespainting relates more to the characteristics of renaissance style drawing. Sense the woman figure lying down does not appear in Macbeth’s simile on Pity, the woman figure lying down creates difficulties for commenta tors who draw conclusions on Shakespeare’s text in their interpretations of Blakes painting. By exploring the influences of Blake’s own visual and verbal imagination of which he acquires from Macbeth’s lines, we find the sources of the confusion that reveal the true meaning of Pity. TheRead MoreDarkness Imagery In Macbeth Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Macbeth. Macbeth is a tragedy which was written by Shakespeare in the Elizabethan Era. There was much use of Raphael Holinsheds Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland as it was necessary for creating the environments and situations in the play. Macbeth takes place mainly in Scotland and is a play about an ambitious thane, named Macbeth, and his wife whose flaws lead to their demise. Since Macbeth is a tragedy, probably nothing else would be as suitable for the play than darkness imageryRead MoreImagery in Macbeth by William Shakespeare1172 Words   |  5 PagesImagery in Macbeth William Shakespeare use of imagery creates a picture in the mind of his audiences that tells a thousand words. In most of his literary work, he shows the importance of imagery, and how authors can manipulate a readers feelings towards a character. In Macbeth, one of Shakespeare’s greatest plays, he shows his very skillfully uses imagery. Macbeth is one of the great tragedy themed plays by William Shakespeare. It’s about three witches that decide to manipulate a Scottish general

Ramayana Rāma and Lakṣmaṇa Essay - 1156 Words

One of the most striking relationships throughout the entire RÄ mÄ yaá ¹â€¡a is that between Indias epic hero RÄ ma and his half-brother Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a. What is interesting about this affair is Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡as pure fidelity toward his brother and all his goals. While RÄ ma is the king on leave throughout most of the Hindu epic, Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a acts more or less as his royal servant and bodyguard of his most prized possession, that being RÄ mas wife, SÄ «tÄ . Interestingly enough, Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a is very much an intelligent being himself, and one who revels in the longevity of his brothers interests and aims. This paper will deal with how these Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a creates himself as the most loyal of companions within the first book of the RÄ mÄ yaá ¹â€¡a. In the BÄ la KÄ Ã¡ ¹â€¡Ã¡ ¸ a, VÄ lmÄ «ki sets†¦show more content†¦A common ideology of fraternity develops, and even more so when RÄ ma entrusts his own dear wife with L aká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a while he seeks out the monkeys. However, this is neither here nor there, as this paper centers on the developing relationship in the first book of the BÄ la KÄ Ã¡ ¹â€¡Ã¡ ¸ a. Since we know of Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡as evident devoutness to RÄ ma, there is also a word to say regarding Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a as a sort of errand boy. Was his sole purpose in the ancient epic just to bid the successful completions of not only RÄ mas irksome tasks, as G.S. Ghurye put it, but also that of the sage ViÅ›vÄ mitra in the beginning chapters of the BÄ la KÄ Ã¡ ¹â€¡Ã¡ ¸ a? For the text reads: After the necessary preliminary purification, RÄ ma received the divine mysteries from the sage; and immediately he shone with a new brilliance. The three spent that night on the bank of the holy river SarayÃ… «, and RÄ ma and Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a rendered the sage all the personal service that a disciple is expected to render the preceptor. Although the text reads here that both brothers provide ViÅ›vÄ mitra with personal service, the reader can gather from careful introspection that Laká ¹ £maá ¹â€¡a is serving both his brother and the old and wise sage.Show MoreRelatedRamayana Analysis Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesthe religious duty of one man and the purity of a woman. In the Ramayana of Valmiki†Ã‚  , Rama and Sita are portrayed as individuals with ideal characteristics and ethical behavior in the view of the Indian culture. Rama is considered a reincarnation of divinity and a man of solemn duty; Sita is the symbol of obedience and chastity. The moral elements of each character are presented through many difficult challenges that test both Rama and Sita. The actions and decisions of both characters through theRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Ramayana1088 Words   |  5 Pagestwo ancient classics, we see a clear display of an abuse of power. In both The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Ramayana, we fi nd protagonists who commit deeds of treachery in the name of slaying a monster. These slayings seem justified at first; however, as we examine them further we find that they are no more than heinous acts in the name of asserting power over the other. Both Gilgamesh and Rama kill monsters in the name of supporting what they believe in, but their beliefs are not always justified.Read MoreThe Ramayana Of Valmiki And Sita Sings The Blues1780 Words   |  8 PagesThe Ramayana of Valmiki and Sita Sings the Blues The epic story of Rama and Sita, as portrayed by Valmiki’s Ramayana and the modern day film Sita sings the Blues are two different versions of the same story which contain several contrasts as well as similarities. The Ramayana is the ancient version which was written by a sage named Valmiki in 550 B.C.E, featuring a love story between an ideal prince and an ideal woman. It outlines the adventures of Rama in his journey to find his abducted wife SitaRead MoreKrishna and Rama as exemplars of Dharma Essay examples2581 Words   |  11 Pagesand hereafter by means of appropriate actions†. (Khan, Benjamin. The Concept of Dharma in Valmiki) Rama and Krishna have been set as perfect exemplars of Dharma in the texts of Ramayana and Mahabharata respectively. They are considered to be the reincarnations of God Visnu, a Supreme Being, and supposedly lived their lives according to the Dharmic (or right) way of life. However, the stories of Rama and Krishna in the texts include som e of their actions, which are questionable to the act of DharmaRead MoreGilgamesh and Ramayana1559 Words   |  7 Pagestradition. Though it is unrealistic to believe that these men truly fought against divine beings, their stories played a role in the ancient world, which was the beginning of the formation of society and civilization. The epics of â€Å"Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Ramayana of Valmiki† both served their societies as an outline of a moral code, defined the role of a hero, and instilled the belief of the fallibility of man, no matter how great. One of the defining characteristics of a society is the possession of rulesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of Sakuntala From The Mahabharata And Kalidasa s Abhijnanasakuntalam ) And The Ramayana1892 Words   |  8 Pagesand Kalidasa’s Abhijnanasakuntalam) and the Ramayana, both canonical texts in their own right, vary greatly in structure, substance, and length, but a closer examination reveals that both have some common, or at least similar themes and motifs, particularly with respect to attitudes towards women and the literal rejection of the female protagonist. It might be noteworthy that the distance in time between the texts is not negligible- while the Ramayana started to take shape between 2nd century BCERead MoreThe Great Epics And Tales1605 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of centuries of acceptance and ignorance. Particularly in this society Sexism takes its roots from mythology and ancient tales of the kings and the queens. The two of the most powerful mythological tal es of all time, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, aid in the heightened levels of sexism. When I was a kid, Amar Chitra Katha was my only source of mythological knowledge except some short and inspiring stories by my grandmother. I never looked at these tales from a point of view as differentRead MoreThe Ramayana Is Not Just A Story5045 Words   |  21 Pages  The Ramayana is a Sanskrit epic poem ascribed to the Hindu sage and Sanskrit poet Valmiki. The Ramayana also plays an important role in Hindu literature . It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife, and the ideal king. The name Ramayana is a tatpurusha compound of and , translating to Rama s Journey. The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books and 500 cantos, and tells the storyRead MoreCrime4723 Words   |  19 Pages12.Any suggestions, comments? The Ramayana has enchanted generations of Indians, and this ancient epic continues to fascinate modern readers. Through the centuries it has been retold in the major language of India and Southwest Asia and has been interpreted through theater, dance, and other performance traditions. Valmiki’s telling, written in Sanskrit, is the oldest extant version of the Rama story. In Valmiki’s account, King Dasaratha proclaims his son Rama, son of the senior Queen Kausalya, heirRead MoreParable of the Burning House5191 Words   |  21 Pages 6) Parasurama –Rama with an axe Parasu – axe – Brahmin Jamadagni – father-hermit Kamadhenu – wish cow Karthavirya – kshatriya king 21 battles 7) Rama ( Ramachandra) Ramayana (200 BCE-200 BC) Ramayana – 24,000 stanzas Main plot : Ravana 10 headed demon of sri lanka, by austerities (tapas) gained a boom from Brahma and Shiva and could not be killed by Gods or demons * He bgan persecuting the Gods(devas) – Vishnu * -agreed to be born a man * Rama and lashmana sita (Lakshmi)

Tom Jones free essay sample

Would it be correct to say that in Tom Jones, Fielding considers marriage to be a mere socio- economic arrangements under which women feel continuously suppressed? Discuss. The true history of the English countryside has been centred throughout in the problems of property in land, and in the consequent social and working relationships. By the eighteenth century, nearly half of the cultivated land was owned by some five thousand families. As a central form of this predominance, four hundred families, in a population of some seven or eight million people, owned nearly a quarter of the cultivated land. In a society stressing male dominance, it is surprising to find an author who writes his female characters as more intelligent than and even superior to his male characters. Henry Fielding demonstrates this respect for his female characters in his 18th century classic, Tom Jones, as well as in other works, like his novel, Amelia. We can see that the gender history is closely linked with the women’s history. Until then, the history was based on a male point of view; men dominated both the public and private life. But with the emergence of gender, women’s history is important for her emancipation. In general, texts argued that men and women were naturally different. Authors said that women were of a lower status and tried to mould them into an idealized shape (modest, pious, and domestic). This perception has been accentuated during the 18th century and women were confined to a private sphere. The majority of the studies centred primarily on women and femininity. We can see that the sexes were not rigidly defined and that gender affected men’s and women’s lives more than we had thought until then. Many authors talk of separate spheres; men were naturally suited to the public sphere of work and politics, as women were naturally suited to the private sphere of the home and the family. In Tom Jones, we cannot find many relevant occurrences of the separate spheres; the only character who could enter this idea is Mrs Western. She seems to partake in the public sphere but that makes her not feminine anymore. Fielding often shows that the place of the women is at home. This construction of separate spheres was a motor for the class formation. The middle class even made this central to their class identity. But some historians had doubts about this rigid separation. They thought that the different spheres were permeable and fluid in the 18th century. But even if people could create their own individuality, they were all subject to gendered social rules and obligations, like class, age, occupation and religion. During the 17th century, women played an active role in the family workshop. But under the more commercial system of economic organization which was developing in the 17th century, men became journeymen and day labourers and women lost their role as members of the trades through marriage and also their prime source of both training and employment. Conception of women as an intellectual empty ornament: husband considered as the head of the woman. Duty of the wife is to obey her husband. Woman’s ornamental status wasn’t established only because of her economic uselessness: was also determined by her cultural construction as an accessory to masculine desire. Throughout Tom Jones by Henry Fielding, there are many examples of marriage. There is Squire Westerns marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Fitzpatricks marriage, the mentions of Allworthys wife, the marriage of Nightengale and Nancy, and the marriage of Nightengales cousin and the clergyman, and finally the marriage of Tom and Sophia. Some of these marriages end with a happy ending and some do not and we, the reader, are supposed to look at these marriages and see why they went wrong or why they are good. Through all these examples of marriage, Fielding is urging us to question the current institution of marriage and what it is based on. The plot of Tom Jones is based on the desire to link by marriage the two largest estates in Somersetshire: the proposed marriage of Sophia Western to Blifil is conceived for this end; her marriage to Tom Jones, when he is eventually revealed as Allworthy’s true heir, achieves what had formerly, for personal reasons, been rejected. Throughout Tom Jones, Fielding criticizes the perversion of love by the upper-class, homo-social system of property marriage. The last part of the novel shows a convergence between hero and heroine, after their alienation in the inn at Upton. But the property-marriage plot is complicated by the sexual corruptions of London, which threaten to capture both Tom and Sophia, though in different ways seduction for Tom, force for Sophia. Sophia is both threatened by her father (as before) and in need of his protection against the aristocratic amorality of Lady Bellaston and Lord Fellamar. She gains in stature by becoming much more than just a maiden in distress, but one who can manipulate too, in the interests of virtue. Lord Fellamar wants sexual possession of Sophia, and also her ? 80,000; Lady Bellaston wants to get rid of a rival for Tom’s services. Lord Fellamar will rape Sophia, then â€Å"make her amends† by marrying her; Fielding finds this code as detestable as the sexual opportunism of Pamela. Even after Fellamar tries and fails, Western’s sister still tries to promote the match. It’s lucky for Sophia that her father’s incidental hatred of Lords protects her from this corruption at least (though not that threatened by Blifil). What we scarcely notice, however, is that under Fielding’s scheme, such reciprocity that is expected between husband and wife is not witnessed between partners in marriage. Instead, we see wives running away from husbands and husbands in hot pursuit of them – they have to get their wives back into the marriage-mould. Bibliography:

Capital Budgeting Techniques

Introduction about the topic Capital budgeting is the process by which companies appraise investment decisions, in particular, by which capital resources are allocated to specific projects. It requires firms to give account for the time value of money and project risk using a variety of more or less formal techniques. The decision to invest in fixed assets is one of the major decisions made by managers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Capital Budgeting Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Investments in fixed assets impact a firm’s operations for a very long time because they involve large capital outlays. As a result, a variety of quantitative and analytical techniques are applied by managers in the selection of projects to enable them to make good decisions in the area1. Capital budgeting comprises of a number of techniques based on various concepts emanating from projects and investments such as the concept of incremental cash flows. Accounting rules play a very important role in the basis of some particular techniques. The management control process requires the services of budgetary planning and control to provide necessary accounting information. Most of the important information is normally provided through variance reports availed by the accountants in charge. Capital budgeting decisions are influenced by certain factors dealing with economic, social, political, as well as cultural diversity2. There has been tremendous increase in the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the last two decades. This has been brought about by the spread of business investment activities across countries of the world. Multinational organisations have faced various challenges due to lack of reliable and accurate methods which could be used in making appropriate decisions within the market place. The paper comprises of various parts the first presenting both theoretical as we ll as practical overview of the given organisation. The second part of the reports gives the methodology, including data collection techniques as well as design of questionnaire. Then there are the findings from the research and finally conclusions and recommendations. However, capital budgeting techniques provide measures through which capital budgeting requests are analysed. Net Present Value utilizes the aspect of time value of money concepts, Payback period has been discovered to be deficient of time value techniques3. Introduction about the company Capital budgeting is applied in the company’s planning process to determine the status of the firm in line with long term investments4. The chamber is one of Saudi Arabia’s oldest and well-established organisations. The promotion of the private sector contribution to the economy is the cause The Chamber is most devoted to.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! G et your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To that end, it has formulated a lot of services that have significantly helped in development and, especially, promotion with the attempt of giving all the possible support to the beginners of the private sector in such spheres of economy as industry, trade craft and services. The main aim of the company is to have an active and successful development of Eastern Province private sector activities and to be only one service provider and assistant for the business development in the Eastern Province. The main aim is to provide separate and qualitative services that meet all the requirements the expectation of the private sector, and successful association in the social and economic spheres of life. The Chamber aims to provide unique and high-quality services that meet the aspirations of the private sector, thus ensuring continuous development through the optimal investment in available resources, renewable technologies and effectiv e participation in the economic and social development of the region; thus realising the wishes of our members in light of the values and principles of our society. The advancement of the economic growth by means of the full mobilisation of the resources of the private sector to assist the economic development is its final goal. It aims at promoting the private sector’s origin by means of different steps that include detecting all existing possibilities for the business production, searching for all the possible solutions to different problems that may crop up in the process according to the rules of the system and government programs and working out the plan of the international trade in the attempts of getting the main goals. The branch expansion has also served as a tool of promoting membership. The Chamber’s products and services centres around provision of distinct products and services of added value to members, provision of unique preparation and training progra ms, excellence in the segments of research, studies and information for the purposes of supporting business sector within Eastern Province. Also, they indulge in supporting small and medium enterprises and encouraging innovation and creativity and the culture of self-employment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Capital Budgeting Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Within the last fifty years, the Chamber has been devoted to the private sector in such areas as contact between the business association and the government, promotional agency and of fellowship amongst businesspeople. Provision of a medium for the private sector, allowing them to perform social obligations as well as provision of information on investment opportunities and changes in economic and commercial policies. Purpose of Research The study seeks to examine the various capital budgeting techniques used in Saudi Arabia’s ch amber and the various factors influencing financial investment practices within the country. The focus is to find out how capital budgeting is used by Saudi Arabia’s chamber. Various techniques used in optimising the financial cash flows and at the same time, computation of effective financial rates are covered within the study. There is also the determination on the manner in which capital budgeting should be applied by the use of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Profitability Index (PI). Research questions and methodology of collected data The use of an appropriate type of research design ensured appropriate resolution of the research problem and at the same time help in improving effective level of marketing research. The designs applicable in financial researches always focus on three types of research design which include exploratory research, descriptive research and casual research5. Exploratory research is applicable where general nature of the problem needs to be established. The alternative decisions need to be verified in consideration of relevant variables. The research methods are characterised by high flexibility and unstructured means granting application of clues concerning the problem situation. Descriptive research involves the use of speculative hypothesis making the relationships not to appear casual and then finally casual research, which seeks to reveal the relationship existing between variables used within the study6. The study involved the use of both descriptive and explanatory, whereby descriptive helped in identifying the value of capital budgeting within Saudi Arabia chamber. And on the other hand, an explanatory approach used to explain the contributions of capital budgeting towards development of corporations within the country.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research problem can be solved using various methods such as induction and deduction. Inductive approach focuses on obtaining general conclusions from the observations obtained from empirical investigation. The deductive method, on the other hand, utilised the use of hypothesis and theories subject to testing within the empirical world. However, the more preferable way through this research was the use of abduction method. This method incorporates both empirical and theoretical measures. The study discussed much on theories and frameworks based on capital budgeting framework used in the analysis of the various corporations within the chamber. The study also required to establish and identify capital budgeting intangibles which need the application of observations from empirical studies for the purposes of deducing some assumptions. Hence most of the study focused on abduction method7. The following procedures were incorporated in the solution of the research problems involved. S econdary literature was obtained from books, journals, internet as well as electronic databases. This provided the required literature used in establishing a theoretical framework necessary for the study. The empirical study involved the use of mail survey, where the survey was conducted amongst various corporations within the private and public sector through the use of detailed questionnaire. This was done in order to establish the various methods of restructuring and work design the chamber uses for international markets 8. It is widely accepted that the best way to evaluate capital budgeting proposals are the discounted cash flow methods. More recent studies suggest that firms are increasingly adopting discounted cash flow analysis, although this was not always the case in the past. Much of the empirical research on capital budgeting practices adopted by corporate managers are always drawn from US data research based on different countries is also done by other authors. An appra isal in the application of the capital budgeting in the retail sector was undertaken in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a basis for strategic capital budgeting for the purposes of developing this study. The focus of the study was to address the extent of use of capital budgeting in retail sector in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia in terms of using financial and accounting tools, sales forecast, external factors, benchmarking and feedback mechanism. It also sought to establish the extent to which capital budgeting is applied in retail sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This further established employee empowerment, negative effect of branch sales, comparison and application of standard budget for new companies within the SA chamber. Sample Random sampling was used to obtain data, where both private and public companies within Saudi Arabia were chosen at random for the mail survey. Then the statistical analysis was used to analyse and interpret data from questionnaires. Empirical resul ts Capital budgeting of SA chamber presents one of the most important means of making decisions. Capital budgeting is necessary for the purposes of maximising shareholder wealth. The empirical results are presented, and the analysis is given based on the data obtained. The study provided participants from the chamber with relevant techniques allowing them to tick various importances of capital budgeting techniques from the questionnaire given. The companies from both private and public sector that were sampled added up to 124; however, responses were received from only 60 representing 48% response rate. Good percentage of the questionnaires was answered by intended respondents from the chamber. Table1: showing the response rate Number % Undeliverable surveys 10 8 Mail survey responses 54 44 Responses used 60 48 124 100 Respondents were found to be learned since they had considerable academic qualifications. This indicated that they had valuable information concerning the area of study. The size of the capital budget was also identified from each respondent and tabulated as below. The companies within private and public sector differ in terms of size hence vary in annual capital budget. Size of Capital budget Number Percentage R50 million 10 18% Between R50 – R100 23 38 Between R100-R 500 million 10 16% Between R500-R1 billion 14 23% Greater than R1 billion 3 5% 60 100% There were also responses on the frequency of the use of the various budgeting methods. These include; net present value (NPV), profitability index (PI), Internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR) as well as payback. The results were as follows9. Table: Capital Budgeting Techniques Capital budgeting technique % Usage NPV 94% IRR 90% Payback 65% MIRR 50% PI 35% Other techniques 13% The results indicate that the techniques mostly used in evaluation of projects within Saudi Arabia Chamber are net present value and internal rate of return. This is clearly shown by 94% preferring the use of NPV, 90% of the companies use IRR in most occasions while 70% of the participants use payback period method. This reveals that NPV, payback period, IRR are the most preferred techniques with NPV and IRR forming the most popular methods. Table showing number of techniques used by companies within chamber Number of techniques applied for evaluating projects Number of companies using the technique % 1 14 22 2 11 20 3 15 25 4 18 28 5 2 5 60 100% The findings from the table revealed that most companies use multiple budgeting techniques in the process of evaluating their projects. The survey revealed that around 46% of the participants use less than three techniques while the rest utilize more than three techniques. Table showing significance differences of importance between Capital Budgeting Techniques Techniques Not applicable Less important Moderately important important Very importan t Number of participants NPV 3 2 8 30 57 60 IRR 20 1 15 35 29 57 MIRR 47 15 15 17 7 58 PI 43 18 17 16 8 55 Payback 20 15 26 22 17 53 Other 65 0 0 20 15 52 The table above represents ranking of techniques based on their importance value attached by the companies. The ranking places NPV, IRR and Payback at the top of the table showing their level of importance. The results reveal some significant differences between participants based on the importance of the capital budget techniques. Most of the companies rank NPV as the most important technique used in evaluating projects. Conclusion The objectives of the study were eventually met despite the shortcomings encountered. The results revealed the various capital budgeting techniques and how they are utilized by various companies. This gives vital information to companies concerning the best financial strategies applicable within the current market environment. Limitations and recommendations There were various limitation s to this study which included the sample group used in the survey which was only 60 companies within the Saudi Arabia Chamber. This means that more data is required so as to establish the exact trend from both lowly ranked and highly ranked companies in private and public sectors. This would enable adequate understanding on the nature of capital budgeting technique used and the associated impacts on Saudi Arabia chamber. There was high possibility that local meanings of the techniques were lost during the translation process. There were instances where some companies could not allow their capital budgeting practice to be published for the fear of being miss-interpreted. Based on the study’s findings, the following recommendations are proposed: the owners and management of retail family establishments should use these three elements in the preparation of capital budget; Financial statement or profit and loss statement, Cash flow and Balance sheet. They should also empower emp loyees to help them prepare estimates of their cash flow in terms of sales forecast using data gathered from other reliable sources. They should employ management tools such as the break-even analysis, payback analysis, net present value and internal rate of return. The organisation at the same time should consider external factors such as government regulations, price increases, stiff competition and customer’s needs. Multiple sales assumptions should be used along with a standard budget. Comparison of different projects within the organisation should also be done. References Adrian B, International Capital Budgeting, 3th edition, Simon, NY, 1996 Dayananda D, R Irons, J Herbohn P Rowland, Financial appraisal of investment projects. Capital Budgeting. Pitt, New York, 2002 Gray SJ, SB Salter LH Radebaugh, Global Accounting and Control: A Managerial Emphasis, John Wiley and Sons, London, 2001 Leedy, PD JE Ormrod, Practical Research Planning and Design. 8th ed. Pearson Prenti ce-Hall, New Jersey, 2005 Modigliani, F M Miller, â€Å"The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment†. American Economic American Economic Review, Vol 48 no3, 2003, pp 261–297 Footnotes 1 B Adrian, International Capital Budgeting, 3th edition, Simon, NY, 1996 2 SJ Gray et al, Global Accounting and Control: A Managerial Emphasis, John Wiley and Sons, London, 2001 3 D Dayananda et al, Financial appraisal of investment projects. Capital Budgeting. Pitt, New York, 2002 4 Ibid 5 PD Leedy JE Ormrod, Practical Research Planning and Design. 8th ed. Pearson Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2005 6 Ibid 7 Ibid 8 PD Leedy JE Ormrod, Practical Research Planning and Design 9 F Modigliani, M Miller, â€Å"The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment†, American Economic American Economic Review, Vol 48 no.3, 2003, pp 261–297 This research paper on Capital Budgeting Techniques was written and submitted by user Abbey Ramsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critique of Pastor Bobs Sermon

Critique of Pastor Bobs Sermon Free Online Research Papers Never having been to this church, I was thoroughly impressed with Pastor Bob’s sermon. It was obvious he prepared extensively for his performance and it made his message that much more memorable. He explained to us that he was visiting from Trenton, NJ so it was nice to have a different perspective, a fresh take on things. Although you go to church knowing you will be preached to about Jesus and God, it is not just that. There are life lessons to be learned, they can be applied to everyday life, and he did a good job at teaching us something meaningful through his speech, which is not easy to do. He used a thesis, posing a question if we truly know what it means to be baptized and if we are truly living our lives as disciples of Jesus Christ. He began by telling a story about the bible and Jesus’ baptism, then explained his own experience in baptizing and finally transitioned back to the message, relating everything to the bible. This made the sermon extremely easy to follow, always tying things together, and restating his thesis from the start of the speech to the conclusion of it. He ended things on a light note with a joke, which kept the message serious, but at the same time kept your attention with a pinch of humor. He used eye contact, switching focus on one side to the other between points because the church is split into two sides. The layout of this church would be very challenging for me because the podium is facing a wall and there are people on the left and right side of it. Pastor Bob, however, utilized his space by not using the podium at all and slightly moving from the left to the right of the stage throughout the sermon. In addition, his gestures made him seem very sure of himself, moving his arms and hands in sync to his words. Not to mention his voice was very impressive, it would lower when saying something very serious at times but then to emphasize a certain sentence or point he would get loud. When speaking on a lighter subject or telling his jokes he spoke in an uplifting manner and had a constant smile on his face which in turn put a smile on everybody else’s faces. The observable reaction of the audience was that everyone was listening very attentively. The audience either smiled or laughed when he gave a joke. Moreover, most apparent, was that everyone was nodding in agreement during most of the sermon, just showing him respect. The climate was a little unsure at first because he was new and began with a standard story. As he continued, the standard story transitioned into a very good point and the climate changed to everyone agreeing and accepting his message with open arms. Some might have thought the sermon was a little drawn out; church did get out ten minutes later than usual. It is possible that people who had somewhere to go either stopped listening at 7:00 or left, those people would not have gotten the whole intended message. He could have improved the speech by cutting those extra ten minutes out and by doing so keeping everyone happy. In addition, he could have started directly with his thesis and then gone into the story instead of beginning with the story, which probably did not interest everyone right away. I learned that practice truly does make perfect, Pastor Bob has years and years of experience, and it showed in his execution of getting his strong message across. I realized that the space you give your speech in can have unexpected obstacles, improvising with the space given and making sure everyone feels included is crucial. Keeping everyone interested is probably most vital and this speech taught me that subtle jokes could increase interest, while also reinforcing the underlying message. I also realized that you do not have to be someone that your audience already knows and likes in order for them to be open to what you are saying. It, in turn, boosted my confidence in myself as a speaker because Pastor Bob was virtually unknown to the entire audience. In future speeches of mine I will try to display more confidence, because I saw such a strong example I know I can do better. Being passionate when speaking can increase interest in your audience as well and in future speeches I wi ll do my best to choose a topic I can put my heart into, not just see it as an assignment. Preparation is imperative and it is something I have slacked on in the past, it really improves fluency and credibility because you have less hang-ups and just sound more informed. So in future speeches I will rehearse and practice as much as I can before giving them. This sermon definitely taught me a lot about public speaking and I would most likely think back and refer to it whenever I write a speech in the future. Research Papers on Critique of Pastor Bob's SermonThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey GameBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Reading response - Essay Example Such portraits provided a chance for an individual to self-express and self-seek (Rosen 866). However, there has been a drastic change in form of self-expression. The change has occurred through emergence of numerous social sites. The most common social sites are listed as MySpace and Facebook. The sites offer an opportunity for the viewers to look at individual life as well as offer comments on such life expressed through online community (Rosen 866). As a result, the author notes that these sites are used by individuals mostly to get attention. On the other hand, the author provides a history perspective of the online social networks. These networks are shown to change and emerge as time progresses. The earliest online social networks are listed as the Bulletin Board systems said to have started in 1980,s (Rosen 867). The network provided a platform for users to send public messages, send and receive private messages, as well as exchange of software (Rosen 867). However, more pronounces social sites emerged in the 21st century. Such sites include Friendster, MySpace, and Facebook. The sites attracted millions of uses in this era. Other social sites are expected to emerge in the future. On the other hand, social sites are shown to play various roles in the society. First, the sites have been shown to provide an opportunity for those that make it in life to get attention. Moreover, the sites have also laid a platform for advertisers to market their products such as record labels and film studios (Rosen 868). These sites are also shown to play a significant role in politics. Politicians are shown to use sites to enlist followers and express their policies. Additionally, the author offers a comparative analysis of the popular social sites. The most popular are shown to be MySpace and Facebook. The sites are shown to be simple in setting online identity (Rosen 869). On the other hand, majority of Americans are shown to be a heavy

Art as a Form of Creative Expression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art as a Form of Creative Expression - Essay Example The most interesting thing about art is that it is culture-specific and it tells its own story from a certain cultural perspective. People belonging to different cultures use art to express themselves and it shapes their behavior. For instance, sculpture or paintings can be used to express the way of life of a group of people who share the same culture and values. In most cases, people who belong to a particular culture identify with a particular type of art. The same applies to music and dance. The type of music played by people belonging to different cultural groups varies from place to place since they have different cultures. In order to understand the culture of other people, this can be simply done through the consumption of their art products. The other important aspect about art is that it is a unique creation of something that depicts the lives of the people involved. Music, for example, is used to communicate different aspects of the life of a certain group of people. The m usic genre of people belonging to a certain group is shared by all members and it usually communicates important messages about the way of life of these people. Art can also be regarded as a form of entertainment in different sectors of society. Through music and dance, people are entertained while at the same time learning something very important about the way of life of a certain group of people.  Just like any other academic subject, it can be seen that art is learned and the courses offered to differ depending on the type of art being taught at a specific institution. Art lessons can be offered through different stages and individuals can choose the area of specialization from a lower level. There are also colleges and universities that offer various professional qualifications in art studies. Art is widely recognized as a professional qualification in different sectors of society. It is a source of livelihood for many artists who engage in creating different artifacts. As su ch, there are various measures that are put in place in different countries to protect the work of the artists so that they can enjoy the benefits of their creativity. Copyright laws are enforced in different countries so as to protect the products of the artists. This is also meant to ensure that the artists continue to be creative if they are assured of getting rewards from their hard work. Ownership of artifacts is very important since this helps to prevent unscrupulous people from enjoying the benefits of other people’s work. This also helps to develop the art industry which is seen as a source of employment in different societies. The welfare of many individuals is improved through the creation of different artifacts that in turn are used as a form of expression by different groups of people. Basically, it can be concluded that the understanding of art is very important since it has a bearing on the lives of people in different societies. Art is culture-specific and it h elps to distinguish one group of people from the other. Art is also used as a unique way of creating a cultural identity among different people.

Analysis of Characters of Chaucer and Austen Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Characters of Chaucer and Austen Essay In contrast, during the Hanoverian period during which Austen lived, society was based on the material possessions of an individual (or their future inheritance), family connections, and marriage. Chaucer outlines his time period through his characters: the church body through the Friar, and the working class through the Plowman. Likewise, Austen uses her protagonist, Mrs. Bennet, to mock how people of her own social class behaved during her era. Chaucer uses the Friar to demonstrate the immoral nature of the church during his time. One of the groups of people that Chaucer satirizes is the clergy. Amongst them, he attacks the character of the Friar as corrupt and dishonest. Historical evidence shows that friars were more often than not very corrupt and schemed to obtain worldly goods such as money. Many friars â€Å"came under wider criticism for worldliness and immorality† (Christianity†¦). They acted as if they had no money, but were in actuality living a fairly luxurious life. Chaucer compares the coat of Hubert, the Friar, to that of â€Å"a lord or like a pope. Of double worsted was his semi-cope† (Chaucer 8). Hubert was also â€Å"rounded like a bell†, indicating that he had enough food to eat, and did not necessarily have to beg for sustenance (8). Once at the house of a crippled man, the Friar asks for food. Now, dame, said he then, je vous dis, sans doute, Had I of a fat capon but the liver, And of your soft white bread naught but a sliver, And after that a pigs head well roasted (Save that I would no beast for me were dead), Then had I with you plain sufficiency. I am a man of little gluttony. My spirit has its nourishment in the Bible†. (313) This statement by the Friar epitomizes the relationship of the common people to those of the church at this time: while pretending to not have or need a lot, the clergy will steal from the lower class. â€Å"[The Friar] uses his position in the church to get money† (The Frior†¦). The middle class however, does not mistrust the church body as shown by the Plowman. In contrast to the corrupt church, Chaucer demonstrates the honesty and piousness of the middle class through the Plowman during the Post-Classical period*. Even though the church was trying to extract money and goods from his class, the Plowman â€Å"paid his taxes, fully, fairly, well, / Both by his own toil and by stuff he’d sell†, meaning that he trusted the church and was honest (Chaucer 15). â€Å"Chaucer here negates the commonly held perception of the peasant’s supposed hatred of the church† (FREE study†¦). Chaucer writes that the Plowman was a good Christian follower as he uses the two greatest commandments to describe the Plowman: â€Å"He loved God most, and that with his whole heart/ †¦ / And next, his neighbor, even as himself (Chaucer 15). The Plowman also â€Å"[lived] in peace and perfect charity†, another allusion to the teachings of Jesus Christ as written in the Bible. Another example of his piousness is shown when Chaucer writes that â€Å"[he’d] thresh and dig, with never thought of pelf, / For Christ’s own sake, for every poor wight, / All without pay, if it lay in his might† (15). The fact that the Plowman did not think of pelf, or money gained in a dishonest way, shows how he was not materialistic like the clergy. Chaucer also states that the Plowman would work (without thinking of gaining money) for the sakes of Jesus Christ and those poor, and less fortunate without receiving money. Although people of this period could live while not thinking about money for the sake of charity, money was one of the main focuses for people, especially women, in Jane Austen’s time. Austen demonstrates through her character, Mrs. Bennet, the narrow-mindedness of women of this era. Jane Austen was born into a family of the landed gentry: a social rank consisting of landowners who did not have to work, and could live solely off the rent income. Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, was written about those in this social class, and their interaction with others in society. Mrs. Bennet directly personifies the women of her time as â€Å"she [had] five daughters, and finding them husbands [was] ‘the business of her life’† (Reef 88). â€Å"[Marriage] was the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune † (Austen 106). As Mrs. Bennet was very much occupied with seeing her daughters married, she â€Å"seemed incapable of fatigue while enumerating the advantages of the match† (124). This match refers to her eldest daughter possibly getting married to a man who has recently rented a house near Mrs. Bennet’s own and was â€Å"so rich† (124). From today’s standpoint, this point of view and way of living seems very materialistic, it is actually a very practical way to think for this time period. As property at this time was only passed down to male heirs, it is very understandable that Mrs. Bennet was so focused on marrying her daughters off to rich men because she and her husband (Mr. Bennet) had five daughters and no sons. This meant that the family property and money would go to a male cousin once Mr. Bennet died, and the females of the family would be turned out onto the streets. Another example of the time being reflected by Mrs. Bennet is the fact that she took her daughters to balls. Balls were common social events and a place where many women went for entertainment and in hope that they might find a husband. Because they learned from their mother, Mrs. Bennet’s daughters â€Å"[talked] of nothing but soldiers and balls† (Reef 90). Popular culture was also reflected through Austen’s character. Both Austen’s character (Mrs. Bennet) and Chaucer’s characters (the Friar, Hubert, and the Plowman) use traits of how different people acted in different times to show an in-depth picture of society at that time. It is through writing that readers and historians alike can catch a glimpse of what the social order looked like at the time. This thought provokes the following question: Which author(s) will the future generations read and what will they tell us about our society?

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE WAY WORDSWORTH AND HUGHES WRITE ABOUT NATURE E

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE WAY WORDSWORTH AND HUGHES WRITE ABOUT NATURE IN THEIR POEMS DAFFODILS AND THISTLES Hughes wrote the poem â€Å"Thistles† which is about how these plants are. He speaks about them as if they were a sign of violence, and violent creatures. He views them as a symbol of vengeance, pain and threat. The thistles are spiky and can hurt anyone. They are dull, immortal, green, rough, and produce a big amount of chaos, written in Wordsworth on the other hand, wrote about â€Å"Daffodils† which are small golden flowers. They look vivid, colourful and peaceful. These flowers produce a state of calm, sweet and memorable moments. Written in romantic era of literature, in 1804 Each poet creates a different mood in their poems. Hughes’ use of imagery creates a bad and nasty mood. It even creates horrible and mean moods, and sometimes a scary mood. The use of imagery has a reason to it as well; the purpose of it is to make people get a vision, a small scene, and a picture in their minds of what thistles look like, and what they do to be so painful. Hughes’ way of using imagery is good as it explains whatever he sees; it shows that he can use other things or words to explain his views. An example of this imagery is the line that says â€Å"everyone manages a plume of blood† this makes people think that everyone has a river of blood on them, so it brings a horrible scene into people’s minds. Wordsworth doesn’t use much imagery but whenever he does, he uses it in such a way that people want to continue to read the poem a few more times. His was of using imagery makes people get a nice and pleasant view of the daffodils, like for example in the line â€Å"tossing their heads in sprightly dance† this shows t... ...w, which makes you want to keep the scene in mind all the time and makes you think about the daffodils. But, when you think about the scene of the thistles poem, it isn’t as nice and pleasant. This is because the thistles represent a battle, a fight, in which death is involved, when you read it, it reminds you of wars, of fires and all unpleasant memories. The daffodils basically show happiness and joy to everyone, that is why I prefer it. The words that the poet uses in order to describe the poem are exceedingly special as they describe the location in which the daffodils can be found and admired. In the poem he doesn’t talk about the daffodils beside the lake, it also talks about how it affected his life and how he kept on thinking in the daffodils after being in the lake. This poem is more memorable than the thistles one, which is why I prefer it more.

Victoria Secret Pink Case Study

1. Analyze the buyer decision process of a typical Pink. * Consumers, not only Pink consumers, have a buyer decision process. This decision process includes need recognition, information search, evaluating alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase decision. In Pink buyer’s case, I believe many of them find the â€Å"need† to buy because they want to keep up with the newest trends and be fashionable. They are not buying this line of clothes because they do not have any and desperately need clothes, but rather it is being based on external factors whether it’s what they see possibly on TV, internet, or in magazines. When it comes to the information search, I believe it is mainly external, although some loyal consumers do have internal information. I think teens and tweens are buying the Pink brand based on what they hear from friends and family members and also the advertising they see on TV and the internet. When evaluating the alternatives, it depends on why the consumer is buying Pink. If they are buying the brand to be fashionable and trendy, they are less likely to seek out an alternative since in their eyes they see Pink as the only brand. If they are looking for sweats to use for athletic events rather than being casual around the house or dorms, they might consider looking at brands such as Nike or Adidas as being alternatives, but once again, it depends on why the consumer buys the Pink brand in the first place. The purchase decision comes down to whether or not Pink is the best choice. There are also other factors that come into play such as friends or family comments or reactions to the product. The post-purchase decision will form lasting impressions on the consumer and be a base as to whether or not the consumer stays loyal in future purchases. If the Pink brand meets or exceeds the expectations of the consumer, the consumer will most likely stay loyal to the company and spread the word to friends. 2. Apply the concept of â€Å"aspirational groups† to Victoria’s Secret Pink line. Should marketer’s have boundaries with regard to this concept? * There are a few aspirational groups when it comes to the Victoria Secret Pink line. First, one of the target markets in college girls, consumers of the Pink line may be ones of a sorority or club at college. Another aspirational group includes celebrities, or celebrities who endorse the Pink line. Tween and teenage girls might aspire to be like one of the celebrities therefore wanting to look or dress just as them. The last aspriational group is the tween girls looking up to the teenage girls and wanting to be and dress just like them. This creates a problem when it comes to boundaries because Pink was not looking to market the brand towards ten and eleven year olds. I believe times have changed though so it is hard to distinguish a boundary for what is right and wrong. A certain concept/style might seem wrong to the parent or marketing director from generation X, but that same concept/style might be perceived as just fine from someone in my generation. I do believe there should be some sort of boundary set by marketer’s on who they choose to market the brand to, but in the end they have no choice over who decides to consume the products. 3. Explain how both positive and negative consumer attitudes toward a brand like Pink develop. How might someone’s attitude toward Pink change? An attitude shows a person’s feeling or tendency towards an idea or product. Marketers throughout all areas try to persuade consumers’ attitudes in their favor. I believe in today’s generation, attitudes are based on very general and basic perceptions. Kid’s today aspire to be like many notable people in the media including the music and movie industry, therefore wanting to dress just like him or her. Also, perceptions could come fr om loving all the articles of clothing the child has bought from a particular store, such as Pink. Negative perceptions could come from someone who does not enjoy shopping in crowded places such as malls, but this is where marketers might try to lead this particular consumer to their online outlet. Marketers are always trying to work on changing and persuading consumers attitudes whether it’s who they endorse, or something as simple as directing a consumer who does not like shopping in crowded places to shop at their online store. Marketers certainly know their trends and try to capitalize by things such as advertising and product placement.

Essay Assignment 1 COM3702 - 3974 Words

Assignment 1: COM3702 Name: Student no : Unique no: 886406 Mr K Ndlovu 47004290 Declaration of own work I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE/301 regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. Name : Khumbulani Ndlovu Student Number : 47004290 Date : 03 August 2014 Witness : Prisca Ndhlovu Address : 126 Dladla Street.Mofolo Village.Soweto.1801 Code Module Semester Number of assignment Unique number : COM3702 : Media studies: policy, management and media representation : 02 : 01 : 886406 1 Assignment†¦show more content†¦Erasmus F (2004) sums up this view by saying, â€Å" another development in the second half of the 1970s was the introduction of television in South Africa after the government had prevented this for a number of years. This medium was also considered to be controlled by government, thereby promoting the NP’s political ideology.† 3 Assignment 1: COM3702 Name: Student no : Unique no: 886406 Mr K Ndlovu 47004290 1.1.3 New media policy In this paradigm, the latest of the three, there is a swift move from the old emphasis on political and social perspectives being the determinants of media policy. The third element of economic competition is now a major factor in media policy formulation in the 21st century. Privatisation, innovation and demand have changed the views on public media policy. In South Africa, new media policy is largely responsible for the changes that have occurred in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries since the country attained independence. Telkom’s monopoly was ended by the changes in regulations that allowed new fixed line operators like Neotel to enter the market. The same has happened to the SABC.The monopoly that the national broadcaster enjoyed for a long time ended when policy